Ceramic Substrate with Precious Metal (S)

The catalyst core is a monolith with a honeycomb structure and is usually called substrate.

The honeycomb geometry provides a high surface area to support the catalyst washcoat, and therefore is often called a "catalyst support"

A washcoat is a carrier for the catalytic materials and is used to disperse the materials over a high surface area. Aluminum oxide, Titanium dioxide, Silicon dioxide, or a mixture of silica and alumina can be used.

The catalytic materials are suspended in the washcoat prior to applying to the core. Washcoat materials are selected to form a rough, irregular surface, which greatly increases the surface area compared to the smooth surface of the bare substrate. This maximizes the catalytically active surface available to react with the engine exhaust.

The catalyst itself is most often a precious metal, such as platinum, palladium and rhodium, cerium, iron, manganese and nickel

There are two kinds of substrate: The ceramic monolith, and the metallic foil monoliths, and the first one is used in most of the catalytic converters.

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